Roofing material



Mud! 3 N. P. HARSHBERGER Re; 19,903

ROOFING MATERIAL Original Filed um 21, 1928 s Sheets-Sheet 1 I N V E N To R Mr/nan lllarsflkglr ATTORNEY March 24, 1936. N. P. HARSHB'ERGER J lie-19,903

ROOFING MATERIAL Original Filed llay 21, 1928 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR Mina/ 7 Hans/1kg ATTORNEY March 24, 1936. -N. P. HARSHBERGER 19,903

ROOFINGIATERIAL Original Filed May 21, 1928 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 INVENTOR Iarman flihrafiiqga" ATTORNEY Reissued Mar. 24, 1936 UNITED STATES,

PATENT OFFICE signor to Bakelite Building Products Co. Inc.,

New York, N. Y., a corporation of Delaware Original No. 1,900,861, dated March 7, 1933, Serial No. 279,402, May 21, 1928. Application for reissue February 11, 1935, Serial No. 6,088

I I 19 Claims. This invention relates to roofing material and,

particularly, to strips of roofing material which have one edge serrated so as to provide a more pleasing appearance to the roof. One form of 5 the serrations which I have illustrated in explaining my invention is that of a portion of a hexagon; but the invention relates equally as well to other figures which may be formed by these serrated edges.

The invention has for one of its objects a. method of producing figures on the roof by a combination of the serrated edges of the shingling strip with definition lines or lines of demarcation on the strips which produce certain sides 01' figures and, at the same time, to reduce. the

amount of shingle material necessary to properly cover the roof and to produce the desired figures. Another object of the invention is to provide means for more conveniently laying the strips and for conveniently and effectively looking or clamping them down, so that the exposed edges will not be raised by warping, wind or otherwise. A further object of the invention is to provide strips with serrated edges which may be laid horizontally or at an inclination to the eaves of the roof.

0! the accompanying drawings, Fig. 1 is a plan view of a roll of finished strips of shingle material which embody the features of my invention, with an end portion unrolled and fiat; Fig. 2 is a plan view of these strips after they have been unrolled and as they appear when assembled on the roof; Figs. 3 to 8 show the manner in which the lap portions of the shingles may be locked down by the underlying shingles; Fig. 5A is an enlarged cross-section taken on line 5A-5A of Fig. 5; Figs. 9 and 10 show modified forms of shingles; Fig. 11 illustrates the manner of assembling on the roof the shingles of Fig. 10; Fig. 12 is a plan view of a modified shingle which is adapted to be inclined to the roof; Fig. 13 shows how these latter shingles may be cut; Fig. 14 shows these modified shingles as they appear when assembled on the roof; Figs. 15 and 16 illustrate methods of locking the rows and shingles together and preventing the exposed portions from warping or blowing upwardly, these figures being considered as taken along the respective lines l5i5 and I6 -|6 of Fig. 14.

While it is old to form figures on strips of fing material by means of various colored nerais with which the roofing strips may be ted, or by other means of obtaining contrastng light eflects, yet, my invention comprises ot only this but a novel way of combining the contrasting light effects with the edges of the shingles themselves, so as to produce the figures sought, and also to reduce the roofing material required.

In this particular instance, I have illustrated a roll I5 which consists of two strips l6 and I! of shingle material, which are substantially completed and ready to be laid on the roof. The unrolled portions of the strips are flat. 'Ihese strips have a serrated edge consisting of the three-sided homologous projections I8 and recesses I9 of strip H, which are formed on the strips in any suitable manner; and they also have on their surfaces contrasting light eifects which form lines of demarcation 23 and 24. These lines, together, with the edges 20, 2| and 22 of the strips, form substantially hexagonal figures 25, with the exception of one side 26. When the strips are laid on the roof, the projecting edge 21 of the overlapping strip forms this sixth side of the hexagonal figures. As a consequence, two sides of the hexagonal figures are formed by lines of demarcation produced by the contrasting light effects, three of the sides are formed by the edge of the same shingle strip, and the sixth side is formed by the associated edge of the overlying strip and the complete hexagonal figures are thus clearly defined.

In Fig. 2, which illustrates the shingles assembled on a roof, the definition lines are made more definite by lines 28, and, if desired, such lines or stripes may be formed on the strips,

either with or without the other contrasting light efiects.

These contrasting light eifects may be produced upon the strips in any suitable manner. In this instance, however, I prefer to produce them by means of groups of spots 30, the groups being formed so that the edges thereof will be suitable for associating with the edges of the strip, as indicated, to form the figure desired. These spots may be formed by means of cellulose material, such as duco, which readily dries and, hence, will not stick to the other side of the strips as they are wound up into rolls. Or these spots may be produced as raised figures by means of a bituminous mineral, or in any other suitable manner.

, However, as stated, the contrasting light effects may be replaced by narrow stripes or lines. such as the lines 28 or the lines of Fig. 9, and thus the figures desired will be formed when the shingles are assembledby means of these lines and the edges 01 the strips.

It will be understood that the exact length of in? edges of the strips m y f as desired and the angles iormed by these E flge which may?v definition lines, and v0: the straight a torthe V sums as indicated by Flg .f1;0 are parallelwith eacha.

lines matte? ll, rectangular figures 4'3 will be formed, and the shape otthese figures may be varied by varying the length of the-dines u or the distance beof the figures to be produced, when the roof is tween them.

, It will be noticed that, in each of these cases,- tlie definition lines, no matter h'ow.'formed, are parallel'flwiththe certain edges of the laps. In Figs. 1 and"'9,-. the. lines *are offset with reference to the edges 39, with which they are parallel but, in case of Fig. 10, the lines 48 are not only parallel with but are extensions of the respective edges ll. a

The shingle strips may-be assembled and fastened to the roof in any suitable manner, but my invention also consists in the manner of laying or positioning the strips with reference to each other, so as to more clearly define certain edges of the figures. This consists, in part, in cutting slits in the straight edges of the strips, so that lugs 45 are formed in the edges and, before the strips are assembled, these lugs 46 are turned back and downwardly onto the surface of the strips, as indicated in Fig. 2. These lugs are of such a length that, when the overlying strip has the outer edges of the projections registering with the free ends of. the lugs, the strips will be properly positioned so as to form the figures desired. At the same time, the outer edge of the lug registering with the outer edge of the projection, doubles the thickness of the shingle material at this point and, thus, more clearly defines the lower edges 21 of the shingles and the upper sides viewed at a distance.

I also provide for locking the upper laps or projections to the lower strips of shingleswhen desired. This I provide for by the methods indicated by Figs. 3 to 8. One method consists in inserting inthe laps 49 slits or slots 50 and inserting a tongue 5|, attached'to the outer end of the lug 52 of an underlying strip, through this slot 58, so as to prevent the lap 49 from bowing upwardly.

A modification o fthis method of locking down the laps consists in making a slit 55 in the outer end of the lug 56 and slipping the corner 51,

formed by the slit, into a slot 58 formed in the edge of the lap 59 ofv the overlying strip. A further modification consists in providing a tongue 62 in the outer end of the lap BI and passing this tongue 62 down through a slot 68 in the outer end of the lug 63 of the underlying strip.

Ineach'of these cases, the strips of shingle material are not only easily properly positioned, but they are held very firmly in their relative positions so that there is no probability of displacement. Also, in each case, the outer edge of the lap and, thus, the lower edge of the v figures formed, is more clearly defined. Also, in each'of these cases, the lap is locked down.

Figs. 12 to 14 illustrate a modification of my strip shingle. This modified strip is adapted to be laid at an angle to the eaves but, at the same time, it is adapted to form hexagonal or other figures, one edge or which is parallel to the eaves.

tormed between suriaces,as is hereinabove dewhile, in the case of Fig. 2, the lines of demarca-,

. which are effective in forming a figure independlar portion 86 at one end and in the lug 11 I these various ways with. the edges, tdproduce .In this; case, the stripsare serrated on both sides, although the serrations on'the upper edge of the fshingle'are notanecessary part of the invenhingles, in this instance, may be cut irom 5 The s' th sheets oi! shingle material as indicated in Fig.

d the contrasting surface portions formed reon before or after the cutting of the sheets vinto-shingle strips, the contrasting portions be-.

ing formed in any suitable manner. Either, the 10 entire'surfaces may be of contrasting appearance or merely stripes or lines oi! demarcation scribed with reference to the stripes of Figs. 9

and 10. g i In this ca'se,-I prefer to make the projections 18, which are to form the lap portions of the strips, with two unequal edges 1| and 12, the edge "being adapted to be the lower edge of the figure to be i'ormed and to be parallel with the ridge 20 and eaves of the roof. In this manner, each line of demarcation 13 formed on the surface is analogous to one of the exposed edges of the strip,

tion 28 are analogous to each other.

Also, in this case, the lines of demarcation ently of the edges 01' the strip are parallel with each other, while, in the former case, they were positioned angularly. In the former case" also, 3

thetwo lines converge as they extend inwardly from the edge of the strip, while in this latter case, they are parallel with each other. Partly because of these variations in the two types, the former may be more properly laid longitudinally 3 with the roof and the latter at an inclination.

' The means which I provide with this latter type of strip for emphasizing the exposed edge, for positioning the shingles, and for locking down the exposed edges, consists in forming, in the up- 4 per edge of the strips, slits 15 and 16, so that a lug 11 is formed and turned down on the shingle as indicated in Fig. 14. When so formed, the projecting corner 18 in the lug 11 of one shingle is positioned in the inwardly extending corner 19 of the adjacent overlying shingle, and the projection 88 of the overlying shingle is placed over the lug 11 of the underlying shingle, so that the edge 12 registers with the edge 8| of the lug 11. This completely positions the shingles with reference to each other and gives a double'edge at this lower line of the figure, thus emphasizing the figure and the exposed edge.

In order to lock down the exposed comer or lap 88, any suitable means may be taken. I prefer to provide a. metallic clip 85, having an anguprovide a slit 81. The clip 85 is positioned with the shank of the clip in the slit 81 and the portion 86 beneath the lug 11, and, when the shingles are assembled, the outer end of the clip is forced through the comer of the overlying shingle and the projecting portion 88 of the clip is bent down onto the top of the corner 88,-thus firmly holding the two strips of shingles together and locking the exposed corner 88 downward. A modification of this method of locking consists in the use of a nail 90, which is passed into a recess 81in the lug 11, with the shank of the nail projecting upwardly and, when the shingles are laid, the nail is forced through the corner 88 and the portion 92 of the nail is then bent over onto the top of the comer.

By combining these various definition lines in the figures desired, the shingle strips may be made materiallywider with a given amount of lapping of the strips, as the lines take the places of the lapping edges of the ordinary manner of forming the figures and, hence, the width of the exposed portion of the strips may be substantially doubled, and the alternate lapping portions are thereby eliminated. As to the method of utilizing cellulose material such as duco, in the manufacture of building material, this is described and claimed in copending application Serial No. 483,310.

I claim as my invention:

1. A roofing element comprising a body portion having cuts extending inwardly from an edge to form a tongue, said tongue being bent over on the upper surface of the body to extend in a reverse direction from said edge of the body to form means for alining another roofing element of the next course which is laid over said bent over tongue and to form a portion of triple thickness with two roofing elements;

2. A roofing element comprising a body portion having cuts extending inwardly from an upper edge to form a tongue, said tongue being bent over on the upper surface of the body to extend in a reverse direction from said upper edge to form means for alining another roofing element of the next course which is laid over said bent over tongue and to form a portion of triple thickness with two roofing elements.

3. A roofing element comprising a body portion having cuts formed therein to produce a tongue, said tongue being bent over on the upper surface of the body to extend in a reverse direction from the portions adjacent the cuts, said body portion also having locking means in con nection therewith for interlocking with the tongue of an element below, said tongue of the element below being under the element in the next course above.

.4. A roofing element comprising a body portion having cuts formed therein to produce a tongue, said tongue being bent over on the upper surface of the body to extend in a reverse direction from the portions adjacent the cuts, said body portion also having a looking out in connection therewith for interlocking with the tongue of an element below, said tongue of the element below being under the element in the next course above.

5. A roofing element'comprising a body portion having a tab in connection with its lower edge, said body having cuts extending inwardly from its upper edge to form a tongue, said tongue being bent over in a reverse direction from said upper edge and toward the tab, the lower end of the tongue being located to position the tab of an element above in proper relation to the top of the element below to produce a desired configuration on the roof.

6. A plurality of shingles assembled on a roof in overlapping courses, said shingles comprising a .body portion having alternating tabs and recesses depending from. the lower edge thereof, the upper portion of the body being provided with tongues cut from said upper portion and bent to extend in a reverse direction from said 'upper portion of the body, said tongues being spaced apart a distance equal to the'distance between the lower portions of the tabs, and each tongue therefore being positioned below a tab of a shingle of the course above to form an extra thickness below said tab, the tongues also .nsuring proper alignment of the shingles in one course with respect to the shingles of an adjacent course. I

'7. A plurality of shingles assembled on a roof in overlapping courses, said shingles comprising a body portion having alternating tabs and recesses depending from the lower edge thereof, the upper portion of the body being provided with tongues bent to extend in a reverse direction from said upper portion of the body, said tongues being spaced apart a distance equal to the distance between the lower portions of the tabs, each tongue therefore being positioned oelow a tab of a shingle of the course above to form an extra thickness below said tab, the tongues also insuring proper alignment of the shingles in one course with respect to the shingles of an adjacent course.

8. A plurality of shingles assembled on a roof in overlapping courses, said shingles comprising a body portion having alternating tabs and recesses depending from the lower edge thereof, the upper portion of the body being provided with tongues cut from said upper portion and bent to extend in a reverse direction from said upper portion of the body, said tongues being spaced apart a distance equal to the distance between the lower portions of the tabs, the lower edges of the tongues being substantially equal in length to the lower edges of the tabs and coinciding with said lower edges of the tabs of shingles in the course above to provide an extra thickness and to insure proper alignment.

9. A plurality of shingles assembled on a roof in overlapping courses, said shingles comprising a. bodyportion having alternating tabs and recesses depending from the lower edge thereof, the upper portion of the body being provided with tongues cut from said upper portion and bent to extend in a reverse direction from said upper portion of the body, said tongues being spaced apart a distance equal to the distance between the lower portions of the tabs, the lower edges of the tongues being substantially equal in length to the lower edges of the tabs and coinciding with said lower edges of the tabs of shingles in the course above to provide an extra thickness and to insure proper alignment, locking means in connection with each tongue and complementary locking means in connection with each tab.

10. A plurality of shingles assembled on a roof in overlapping courses, said shingles comprising a body portionhaving alternating tabs and recesses depending from the lower'edge thereof,

the upper portion of the body being provided with tongues cut from said upper portion and bent to extend in a reverse direction from said upper portion of the body, said tongues being spaced apart a distance equal to the distance between the lower portions of the tabs, the lower edges of the tongues being substantially, equal in length to-the lower edges of the tabs and coinciding with said lower edges of the tabs of shingles in the course above to provide an extra thickness and to insureproper alignment, each tongue having a slot formed therein, and each tab having a pair of inwardly diverging cuts to a form a section of material therebetween engageable with the slot of a tongue.

11. A plurality of shingles assembled on a, roof in overlapping courses, said shingles comprising a body portion having alternating tabs and recesses depending fromthe lower edge thereof, the upper portion of thebndy being P ovided with tongues cut from said upper portion and bent to extend in a reverse direction from said upper portion of the body, 'said tongues being spaced apart a distance equal to the distance between the lower portions of the tabs, the lower edges of the tongues being substantially equal in length to the lower edges of the tabs and coinciding with said lower edges of the tabs of shingles in the course above to provide an extra thickness and to insure proper alignment, each tongue having a slit formed therein, and each tab having an anguiarly extending slit engageable with the slit in a tongue. Y

12. In a roofing surface, shingle elements 'assembled in courses with shingles in the same course in non-overlapping position and having flexible members of similar shingle material overlying and connecting to their body portions,

erty of aligning and locking down said weather- I exposed portions.

13. In a roofing surface, shingle elements assembled in courses .with shingles in the same course in non-overlapping position and having members of similar flexible shingle material overlying and connected to their body portions,

and having their free ends projecting downwardly, said members being engageable with receiving means adjacent the butt edges of the weather exposed portions of shingles in the overlying course, said members and receiving means having the property of aligning and locking down said weather exposed portions.

14. In a roofing assembly, shingle elements having overlying members .of similar flexible shingle material connected to their body portions, said members having a free end projecting downwardly with a slot therein to retard the downward movement of a tab,-said tab being located adjacent the butt edge of the weather exposed portion of shingle elements in an overlying course, said slot and tab having 'the property of aligning and locking down said weather exposed portion.

15. In a roofing surface, shingle elements assembled in courses and having members of similar flexible shingle material in position thereon and projecting downwardly and outwardly from suitable openings formed by a series ot cut edges within and adjacent an: edge of the shingle weather exposed portions, each element having one of said members with its edges substantially within the bounding edges ofsaid element,

and having its lower portion exposed to the' weather and its remaining portion underlying the element through which it projects. and each member having a portion that will retard its outward and downward movement from its r'eceiving means.

16. In a roof covering. overlapping shingles, the overlapped shingle having an opening completely surrounded by a wall formed by the material oi the shingle and the overlapping'shlngle provided with a lock tongue having at least one edge at an angle to the horizontal and entered through said opening to lie underneath said overlapped shingle adjacent said opening.

1'7. In a roof covering, overlapping shingles, the overlapped shingle having. an opening; completely surrounded by a wall formed by the material of the shingle and the overlapping shingle provided with a lock tongue at the edge of the overlapping portion thereof inclined to the horizontal and entered through said opening to lie underneath said overlapped shingle adjacent said opening.

18. In a roof covering, overlapping shingles, the overlapped shingle having an opening completely surrounded by a wall formed by the ma terial of the shingle and the overlapping shingle provided with a lock tongue spaced inwardly from the bounding edges thereof and having at least one edge at an angle to the horizontal and entered through said opening to lie underneath said overlapped shingle adjacent said opening.

19. In a roof covering, overlapping shingles, each shingle having an opening completely surrounded by a wall formed by the material of the shingle and having a lock tongue within the bounding edges of the shingle and in transverse alignment with said opening, said shingles assembled with the locking; tongue of one shingle entered through the opening of an underlying 

